2 new species of horned dinosaurs named

Washington, Mar 13 (ANI): In a new study, scientists have named two new horned dinosaur species based on fossils collected from Alberta, Canada.

The new species, Unescopceratops koppelhusae and Gryphoceratops morrisoni, are from the Leptoceratopsidae family of horned dinosaurs.

The herbivores lived during the Late Cretaceous period between 75-83 million years ago.

"These dinosaurs fill important gaps in the evolutionary history of small-bodied horned dinosaurs that lack the large horns and frills of relatives like Triceratops from North America," Michael Ryan, lead author of the study from The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, said.

"Although horned dinosaurs originated in Asia, our analysis suggests that leptoceratopsids radiated to North America and diversified here, since the new species, Gryphoceratops, is the earliest record of the group on this continent," he said.

Unescoceratops koppelhusae lived approximately 75 million years ago. It measured about one to two meters in length and weighed less than 91 kilograms. It had a short frill extending from behind its head but did not have ornamentation on its skull.

It had a parrot-like beak. Its teeth were lower and rounder than those of any other leptoceratopsid. In addition, its hatchet-shaped jaw had a distinct portion of bone that projected below the jaw like a small chin.

The lower left jaw fragment of Unescoceratops was discovered in 1995 in Dinosaur Provincial Park, a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site by Philip Currie, Ph.D., now of the University of Alberta.

Originally described in 1998 by Ryan and Currie, the dinosaur was referred to as Leptoceratops. Subsequent research by Ryan and David Evans, from the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada, determined the specimen was a new genus and species.

The genus is named to honour the UNESCO World Heritage Site designation for the locality where the specimen was found and from the Greek "ceratops," which means "horned face."

Gryphoceratops morrisoni lived about 83 million years ago. It had a shorter and deeper jaw shape than any other leptoceratopsid. Researchers believe the individual was a full-grown adult.

Based on unique characteristics of the jaw and its size, the researchers believe that Gryphoceratops was an adult that did not exceed one-half meter in length. This means it is the smallest adult-sized horned dinosaur in North America and one of the smallest adult-sized plant-eating dinosaurs known.

Lower right jaw fragments of Gryphoceratops were discovered in southern Alberta in 1950 by Levi Sternberg while he worked for the Royal Ontario Museum.

The genus is named for "Gryphon," a mythological Greek figure with the body of a lion and the head of an eagle, which is a reference to the animal's beaked face.

The species name honours Ian Morrison, a Royal Ontario Museum technician, who discovered how the bones fit together.

"Small-bodied dinosaurs are typically poorly represented in the fossil record, which is why fragmentary remains like these new leptoceratopsids can make a big contribution to our understanding of dinosaur ecology and evolution," Evans, second author of the study, said.

The study has been published in the online issue of the journal Cretaceous Research. (ANI)