Washington, September 20 (ANI): Psychological scientists have highlighted the cognitive factors that make certain pieces of misinformation so "sticky" and identify some techniques that may be effective in debunking or counteracting erroneous beliefs.
The main reason that misinformation is sticky, according to Psychological scientist Stephan Lewandowsky of the University of Western Australia and colleagues, is that rejecting information actually requires cognitive effort.
Weighing the plausibility and the source of a message is cognitively more difficult than simply accepting that the message is true - it requires additional motivational and cognitive resources. If the topic isn't very important to you or you have other things on your mind, misinformation is more likely to take hold.
And when we do take the time to thoughtfully evaluate incoming information, there are only a few features that we are likely to pay attention to: Does the information fit with other things I believe in? Does it make a coherent story with what I already know? Does it come from a credible source? Do others believe it?
Misinformation is especially sticky when it conforms to our pre-existing political, religious, or social point of view. Because of this, ideology and personal worldviews can be especially difficult obstacles to overcome.
Even worse, efforts to retract misinformation often backfire, paradoxically amplifying the effect of the erroneous belief.
"This persistence of misinformation has fairly alarming implications in a democracy because people may base decisions on information that, at some level, they know to be false," said Lewandowsky.
"At an individual level, misinformation about health issues-for example, unwarranted fears regarding vaccinations or unwarranted trust in alternative medicine-can do a lot of damage. At a societal level, persistent misinformation about political issues (e.g., Obama's health care reform) can create considerable harm. On a global scale, misinformation about climate change is currently delaying mitigative action," he added.
Though misinformation may be difficult to correct, all is not lost. According to Lewandowsky, "psychological science has the potential to counteract all those harms by educating people and communicators about the power of misinformation and how to meet it."
In their report, Lewandowsky and colleagues offer some strategies for setting the record straight.
Research has shown that attempts at "debiasing" can be effective in the real world when based on these evidence-based strategies.
The scientists reported their finding in Psychological Science in the Public Interest, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, explores this phenomenon. (ANI)
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