Washington, Aug 14 (ANI): A new research indicates that a change in the color of ocean waters could have a drastic effect on the prevalence of hurricanes.
In a simulation of such a change in one region of the North Pacific, the study finds that hurricane formation decreases by 70 percent. That would be a big drop for a region that accounts for more than half the world's reported hurricane-force winds.
It turns out that the formation of typhoons - as hurricanes are known in the region - is heavily mediatedby the presenceof chlorophyll, a green pigment that helps the tiny single-celled organisms known as phytoplankton convert sunlight into food for the rest of the marine ecosystem. Chlorophyll contributes to the ocean's color.
"We think of the oceans as blue, but the oceans aren't really blue, they're actually a sort of greenish color," said Anand Gnanadesikan, a researcher with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.
"The fact that [the oceans] are not blue has a [direct] impacton the distribution of tropical cyclones."
Gnanadesikan's team described how a drop in chlorophyll concentration, and the corresponding reduction in ocean color, could cause a decrease in the formation of hurricanes in the color-depleted zone.
Although the study looks at the effects of a simulated drop in the phytoplankton population (and therefore in the ocean's green tint), recently published research argued that global phytoplankton populations have been steadily declining over the last century.
Gnanadesikan compared hurricane formation rates in a computer model under two scenarios.
For the first, he modeled real conditions using chlorophyll concentrations in the North Pacific observed by satellites.
He then compared that to a scenario where the chlorophyll concentration in parts of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre - a large, clockwise-circulation pattern encompassing most of the North Pacific - was set to zero.
In the latter scenario, the absence of chlorophyll in the subtropical gyre affected hurricane formation by modifying air circulation and heat distribution patterns both within and beyond the gyre.
In fact, along the equator, those new patterns outside the gyre led to an increase in hurricane formation of about 20 percent.
The model showed that more hurricanes would hit the Philippines and Vietnam, but fewer would make landfall in South China and Japan.
In the no-chlorophyll scenario, sunlight is able to penetrate deeper into the ocean, leaving the surface water cooler. The drop in the surface temperature in the model affects hurricane formation in three main ways: cold water provides less energy; air circulation patterns change, leading to more dry air aloft which makes it hard for hurricanes to grow.
The findings were published in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union. (ANI)
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