Washington, January 6 (ANI): Radio astronomers have uncovered 17 millisecond pulsars in our galaxy, which hold the promise of being used them as a kind of "galactic GPS" to detect gravitational waves passing near Earth.
The discovery of the pulsars was made by studying unknown high-energy sources detected by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope.
A pulsar is the rapidly spinning and highly magnetized core left behind when a massive star explodes.
Because only rotation powers their intense gamma-ray, radio and particle emissions, pulsars gradually slow as they age.
But the oldest pulsars spin hundreds of times per second - faster than a kitchen blender.
These millisecond pulsars have been spun up and rejuvenated by accreting matter from a companion star.
"Radio astronomers discovered the first millisecond pulsar 28 years ago," said Paul Ray at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington.
"Locating them with all-sky radio surveys requires immense time and effort, and we've only found a total of about 60 in the disk of our galaxy since then. Fermi points us to specific targets. It's like having a treasure map," he added.
Millisecond pulsars are nature's most precise clocks, with long-term, sub-microsecond stability that rivals human-made atomic clocks.
Precise monitoring of timing changes in an all-sky array of millisecond pulsars may allow the first direct detection of gravitational waves - a long-sought consequence of Einstein's relativity theory.
"The Global Positioning System uses time-delay measurements among satellite clocks to determine where you are on Earth," explained Scott Ransom of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville, Virginia.
"Similarly, by monitoring timing changes in a constellation of suitable millisecond pulsars spread all over the sky, we may be able to detect the cumulative background of passing gravitational waves," he added.
"Other surveys took a decade to find as many of these pulsars as we have," said Ransom, who led one of the discovery groups. "Having Fermi tell us where to look is a huge advantage," he added.
Four of the new objects are "black widow" pulsars, so called because radiation from the recycled pulsar is destroying the companion star that helped spin it up.
"Some of these stars are whittled down to masses equivalent to tens of Jupiters," said Ray. "We've doubled the known number of these systems in the galaxy's disk, and that will help us better understand how they evolve," he added. (ANI)
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